我学不会虚拟语气怎么办?

条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

3、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:

①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例:

⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.

4、注意事项

①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。

②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:

(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为:

从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……

主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

例:

1.If I were you, I would go with him.

2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.

如果天气好,我去那儿。(事实天气不好)

3.If I were you, I would read it again.

如果我是你的话,我再读一遍。(事实上我不是你)

4.If time permitted, I would write it again.

如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍。(事实上时间不允许)

5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.

要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里。(事实上现在下雪)

6.What would I do if I were in your place?

要是我处于你地位我会怎么办?(事实上我不在你的位置上)

7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.

他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。(可是他不着急)

8.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.

如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境。(而事实上得到了你们的帮助)

9.If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.

如果有人力,我们还能开更多的荒地.

10. If I were you, I would go with him.

(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)

11. If I were you, I should buy it.

(从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy)

12. If I had time, I would study French.

(如果有时间,我会学习法文。)(从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study)

13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.

(如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)

注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……"

14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.

(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)

(二)、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为:

从句:If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……

主句:主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……

例如:

⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。(事实上你没有听我的劝告)

⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说。(事实上我和农民生活了五年)

⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会。(事实上你邀请了我)

⑷、If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time. 要是没有你们的帮忙,我就不会按时完成了这项工作。(事实上你们帮助了我)

⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱。(事实上他违法了)

⑹、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的。(事实上我生病了)

⑺、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了。(事实上我不是)

⑻、 If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)如果你在上个学期用功一些,你就会在考试中过关了。

⑼、 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)如果你当时听从我的劝告的话,你就不会在考试中失败了。

⑽、 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用have caught)如果你起身得早一点,你就会赶得上火车了。

⑾、 If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用have skied)如果下雪的话,我就可在公园里滑雪了。

注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词 +……

⑿、 If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking)

(三)、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为:

从句:If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……

主句:主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……

例如:

⑴、If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的。

⑵、If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚。

⑶、If I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步。(事实上我不可能努力学习)

⑷、If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里。(根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨)

⑸、If he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教。(事实上他来的可能性很小)

⑹、If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事。(事实上他来的可能性很小)

⑺、 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be)如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了。

⑻、 If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用tell)如果明天他走的话,他可能会告诉你。

⑼、 If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用were, 主句动词用give)如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他。

注意:如果动作在进行中,从句(不是主句喔)要用:"If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词 +……"

⑽、 If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let)如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马。

三、混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气

有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:

1. 从句表示过去,主句表示将来:

⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

2. 从句表示将来,主句表示过去:

⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, Iwould have gone to see the film with you last night.

3.从句表示过去,主句表示将来:

⑴、If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do theexperiment next week.

4.从句表示将来,主句表示现在:

⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

5.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。

⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

如果你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成这份工作了。(从句说明过去,主句说明现在。)

6.从句表示现在,主句表示过去

⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。)

7.从句表示过去,主句表示过去和现在

⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。)

四、含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况;

1. 条件暗含在短语中。如:

(1)、What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)

(2) 、It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)

(3) 、This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事,如发生在战时,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)

(4)、 But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)

(5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)

(6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人,他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如:

(7)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)

(8) 、We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)

(9) 、Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)

(10) 、I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

3. 在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。如:

(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。

(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。

(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细,简直就象他亲眼看见一样。

五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况

1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。

例如:

1). 原句:If she were younger, she would do it.

去If:Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)

2). 原句:If he had tried it, he could have done it.

去If:Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)

3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.

4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.

假如我看了那部**,昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.

假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔。

8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.

要是下周能下雨的话,农民们就能有个好收成了。

2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时,把它们放在if的位置上;但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如:

⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话,我们怎么办呢?

⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话,我就向他请教了。

⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作,他就会得到一些钱。

3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如:

⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)

Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的。)

Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.

〔A〕Were she rich or poor

〔B〕Being rich or poor

〔C〕Be she poor or rich

〔D〕Whether is she poor or rich

4、注意:有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.

⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个:

1. I could help you. (只有主句)

2. If I had time. (只有从句)

3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)

4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)

第二节:其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气

一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”,“如果没有”(相当于if it were not

for…)表示条件时,句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)

Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.

In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.

二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order

that”引导的条件从句或目的从句,根据情况,可用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)

They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.

三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有",表示条件虚拟句:

(1). Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气,什么也不能生存。

(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙,我们是难有成就的。

(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气,什么也不能生存。

第五部分:其他几种情况下的虚拟语气

第一节:虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用

虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中,谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同

1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:

(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。

(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。

(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)

(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)他假装好象完全不懂那事,其实他对那事非常了解。

2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。如:

(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.

A. hasn't watered B. didn't water

C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered

那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。(答案是c)

(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)

(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)那老人看着照片,他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。

3.表示与将来事实相反:

(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形,表示与将来事实相反)

(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet,表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又谈,仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

第二节:虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中

在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。

例如:

⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.

a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure

这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免伤了他自己。(答案是a)

第三节:介词短语表示虚拟

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。

1).He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)

2).We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好。)

3). But for his help,I .

〔A〕should not have succeeded

〔B〕had not succeeded

〔C〕did not succeed

〔D〕have not succeeded

4). But that he came to help me, I .

〔A〕could not have succeeded

〔B〕did not succeed

〔C〕could not succeed

〔D〕can’t but succeed

第四节:虚拟语气用在It is(about /high)time +that定语从句中

在It is(about/high)time +that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should +动词原形。

(1).It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time we went home?现在已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?

(2).It is about time you were in bed.

(3).It is high time we left.

(4).It is the first time I came here.

注:

1、在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。

例如:

Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?这是你第一次参观香港吗?

2、It's time to do something有别于It's time that...

第五节:在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气

谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).

⑴、If only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)

⑵、If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)

⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)

例题解析:

⑷、Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.

A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

if only 引出感叹句,意思是“要是……多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望,希望发生(事实上不可能发生)与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是:“看我现在的处境多糟糕!要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上,句中的“我”没有听从劝告,所以处境很糟糕。

题中空格处应当用虚拟语气,答案是B。

虚拟语气与if条件句的区别

What的用法总结

What主要用于引导名词性从句,其用法总结为七种:

1.What+主语+及物动词

例句1:What he says is reasonable.

解析:What he says主语从句,what 在主语从句中作宾语

例句2:It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.

解析:本句意为“别人怎么看你,与你无关,相信你自己。”其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是what other people think about you.

2. what +主语+不及物动词/系动词+介词

例句:The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like.

解析:what each eyewitness looks like是宾语从句,what在从句中作介词like的宾语

3. What + 主语+系动词

例句1:He is not what he was ten years ago.

解析:本句意为“他不再是十年前的他了。”其中what he was是表语从句,what 在从句中作表语

例句2:I’m not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me.

解析:what you have made me.是表语从句,what 在从句中作补语

例句3: The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands makewhat it is.

解析:what it is是宾语从句,what 在从句中作表语

4. What后接名词,作定语

例句1:I gave him what books I had .

解析:what books I had是宾语从句,what 在从句中作books的定语

例句2:It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

解析:what side effect the medicine will bring about是宾语从句,what 在从句中作side effect的定语

例句3: The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.

解析:what terrible problems we would face.是宾语从句,what 在从句中作problems的定语且terrible也是定语修饰problems

5.What +及物动词+宾语 或 What +be done

例句1: What makes the matter worse has been puzzling me.

解析:其中What makes the matter worse是主语从句, what 在从句中作主语

例句2: The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught.

解析:what was caught.是宾语从句,what在从句中作主语

6. what 用于固定搭配what……do with (处理):

例句: What do you do with this problem? 这个问题你怎样处理?

7. 感叹句中:

(1) What a/an+(形容词)+单数名词+谓语!

例句:What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!

(2) What+(形容词)+复数名词+谓语!

例句:What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!

(3) What+(形容词)+不可数名词+谓语!

例句:What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊!

{ * } 技巧归纳:

当判断是连词而且该连词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语 时,首选的词是what。

常考的结构有:

1.动词1/介词+what +主+动词2

2. what +名词+动词1+动词2

{ ** } 小试牛刀 (前面8道题目是语法填空,9题之后的是改错题。)

1. (2012年广东高考语法填空) The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds 秒and all the other students wondered________the boy would do.

2. After that, ________happened to the AmberRoom remains a mystery.

3. (2016深圳二模语法填空) Now you never know________happy days we had in the camp.

4. It was a video explaining________her anxiety was like and how it affected her.

5. More than half of Britain’s gardeners did not spot a hedgehog (刺猬), frog, fox, mouse or bat, in their gardens in 2016, as wildlife experts warn that________were ?considered to be common animals once are continuing to decline.

6.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, ________we are usually doing is listening selectively.

7. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into________we do that benefits our work most.

8. We dreamed about________we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us.

9. (2012新课标卷) But before long, they began to see which was happening.

10. (2016年全国II) My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

11. (2010年全国乙卷) So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.

12. That she wanted was for the people to be able to move it themselves and organized their own transport.

答案:

1-8全部都是what

9. which 改为what

10. how 改为what

11. if后加what

12. That 改为 What

主谓倒装文言文例句

你好!我是英语师范学校毕业的。希望我的理解可以给你带来帮助~

其实,虚拟语气和IF条件句最大的区别只有一个。那就是:虚拟语气所表达的事件都是“假设”的,也就是“非真实的”。比如,我说:“要是今天天气好的话,我们就可以出去玩了。”这句话就需要用虚拟语气来翻译。而if条件句,它仅仅起的是条件作用。举个例子说明一下:他再不快点,上学就要迟到了。在这句话中,你应该可以看出,“他”还没有迟到。但是“他”快要迟到了,这时,这句话的条件就是“快点”,如果他快点,就不会迟到,反之就会迟到,是不是这个道理呢?

刚才是用中文举例,现在用英文再翻译一下。在上面一句虚拟语气句中,由于所“假设”的事情是“今天”,在“过去、现在、将来”中属于当中一个,在虚拟语气中,与“现在”事实相反的时候,主句用主语+动词原形,if从句用should+动词原形。那么,翻译时就应该是:If it is fine today,we should go out to play.

而刚才那句条件句就可以翻译为:He will be late for school if he don't hurry up.

由于我时间有限,就不和你多讲了,给你一些参考资料,你可以自己看一下啊~有问题再问我,我一定尽量回复你!

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.

② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)

⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.

⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.

⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式

① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.

② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.

③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.

⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.

Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气

⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.

⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school

⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。

⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)

⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey!

祝愿你旅途愉快!

You go out!

你出去!

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气, 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望,要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一边。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能帮助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我们有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她这样做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在,过去和将来。

与现在事实相反的:

条件从句 结果从句

If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。

与过去事实相反的:

条件从句 结果从句

If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你,我就买了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。

有关虚拟语气的几个问题:

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青点, 她就会干的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you.

我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time.

我要有时间该多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她应该来参加聚会。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的钱就能...。

3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

1. 文言文倒装句 用法及例句

一、主谓倒装 主谓倒装句有三种情况:语气强烈的疑问句;语气强烈的感叹句;旧诗词为了韵律相合。

①子耶,言伐莒者? (言伐莒者,子耶?) ②甚矣,汝之不惠! (汝之不惠!甚矣!) ③美哉室! (室美哉!) ④大哉,尧之为君也! (尧之为君也,大哉!) ⑤灼灼其华。 (其华灼灼) ⑥竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。

(竹喧浣女归,莲动渔舟下。) ⑦安在公子能急人之困也? (公子能急人之困安在也!“在安”,宾语前置) ⑧美哉,我少年中国! (我少年中国,美哉!) 以上例子分别体现了谓语前的三种情况:①⑦疑问句; ②③④⑧感叹句;⑤⑥旧诗词合韵律。

二、定语后置 定语后置有下面四种情况:1.中心语+定语+者 ①计未定,求人可使报秦者,未得。 (求可使报秦者人) ②村中少年好事者,驯养一虫。

(村中好事者少年) ③遂率子孙荷担者三夫。 (遂率荷担者子孙三夫) ④太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。

(知其事者太子及宾客) ⑤人马烧溺死者甚众。 (烧溺死者人马甚众) ⑥亦雁荡具体而微者。

(亦具体而微者雁荡) ⑦客有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和之。 (有吹洞箫者客) ⑧人马冻死者相望。

(冻死者人马相望) ⑨当其时,巫行视小家女好者。 (当其时,巫行视小家好者女) ⑩楚人有涉江者 (有涉江者楚人)2.中心语+之+定语 ,“之”是定语后置的标志。

①蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。 (蚓无利爪牙,强筋骨) ②居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。

(居高庙堂则忧其民,处远江湖则忧其君) ③四海之大,有几人欤? (大四海,有几人欤?) ④带长铗之陆离兮,冠切云之崔嵬。 (带陆离长铗,冠崔嵬切云——佩着长长的宝剑,戴着高高的切云帽)3.中心语+之(而)+定语+者,“之”是定语后置的标志 。

①石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。 (铿然有声石,所在皆是也) ②此四者,天下之穷民而无告者。

(此四者,天下之穷民而无告者此四者,天下 之穷民而无告者) ③马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石。 (千里马) ④群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者,受上赏。

(能面刺寡人之过者群臣吏民,受上赏) ⑤荆州之民附操者,逼兵势耳。 (附操者荆州之民) ⑥大阉之乱,缙绅而能不易其志者。

( 而能不易其志者缙绅) ⑦国之孺子之游者。 (国之游者孺子) ⑧僧之富者不能至。

(富者僧不能至)4.用数量词作定语时,数量词大多数放在中心词的后面。例如 :①吏二缚一人诣王。

(二吏二缚一人诣王) ②尝贻余核舟一。 (尝贻余一核舟) ③遂率子孙荷担者三夫。

(遂率荷担者三夫子孙) ④我持白璧一双,欲献项王;玉斗一双,欲与亚父。(一双白璧 一双玉斗) ⑤比至陈,车六七百乘,骑千余,卒数万人。

(比至陈,六七百乘车,千余骑,数万卒) ⑥一食或尽粟一石。 (一食或尽一石粟) 三、宾语前置(重点) 文言文中,动词或介词的宾语一般置于动词或介词之后,但在特定条件下宾语前置。

1.否定句中代词宾语,宾语前置。①古之人不余欺也。

(不欺余) ②三岁贯汝,莫我肯顾。 (莫肯顾我) ③我无尔诈,尔无我虞。

(我无诈尔,尔无虞我) ④每自比于管仲、乐毅,时人莫之许也。 (时人莫许之) ⑤先生……肩举驴上,而狼未之知也。

(而狼未知之也) ⑥忌不自信,而复问其妾曰…… (忌不信自)2.疑问句中疑问代词作宾语,宾语前置。①大王来何操? (大王来操何) ②沛公安在? (沛公在安) ③噫!微斯人,吾谁与归? (吾与谁归) ④夫晋,何厌之有? (夫晋,有何厌) ⑤沛公安在? (沛公在安) ⑥孔子云:“何陋之有?” (有何陋。

“之”,宾语前置标志)3.用“之”“之为”或“是”将宾语前置,用这种宾语前置的格式时,还可以在宾语之前加上“唯(惟)”,构成“唯(惟)……是……”或“惟…之…”的格式,强调宾语的作用就更大。①日居月诸,下土是冒。

(日居月诸,冒下土——日月曾经照临,阳光离去后露出了这片 *** 的土地) ②君亡之不恤,而群臣是忧。 (忧群臣) ③率师以来,唯敌是求。

(唯求敌) ④余虽与晋出入,余唯利是视。 (余唯视利) ⑤父母唯其疾之忧。

(唯其疾之忧唯其疾之忧) ⑥句读之不知,惑之不解。 (不知句读,不解惑) ⑦惟弈秋之为听。

(惟听弈秋) ⑧皇天无亲,惟德是辅。 (惟辅德) ⑨唯利是图。

(唯图利) ⑩唯吾马首是瞻。 (唯瞻吾马首) ⑾孜孜焉唯进修是急。

(唯急进修——只急迫地进德修业)4.介宾短语中宾语前置 ①不然,籍何以至此? (籍以何至此) ②全石以为底。 (以全石为底) ③长安君何以自托于赵? (长安君以何自托于赵) ④夜以继日。

(以夜继日) ⑤长安君何以自托于赵? (长安君以何自托于赵) 四、介宾短语后置(状语后置) 介词结构即介宾短语,文言文中常见的是用“以”“于”组成的介宾短语,在句中一般作状语。介宾短语后置有以下几种情况:第一种:用介词“于”组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都处在补语的位置,译成现代汉语时,除少数仍作补语外,大多数都要移到动词前作状语。

①事急矣,请奉命求救于孙将军。 (请奉命于孙将军求救) ②贫者语于富者曰…… (贫者于富者语曰) ③公与之乘,战于长勺。

(于长勺。

2. 文言文主谓倒装句需要例句的~越多越好~帮忙翻译成现代汉语

主谓倒装 这种情况较为少见,往往是为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些句子中才出现倒装现象,这类句子一般是感叹句或疑问句.例1:“甚矣,汝之不惠.”正确语序为“汝之不惠,甚矣!”意思是“你太不聪明了.” 例2“美哉,我少年中国.” 正确语序为“我少年中国,美哉!”意思是:“我的少年中国,美丽啊.”例3“如鸣佩环” 正确语序为“如佩环鸣”,意思是:“像玉佩玉环相碰时发出的清脆声音.”例4“丰年留客足鸡豚”中的“足鸡豚”, 正确语序为“鸡豚足”,意思是:“鸡、猪丰足.”例5“卷石底以出” 正确语序为“石底卷”,意思是:“石底翻卷过来.”如果为了某种目的,把谓语放在主语的前面,并且能够恢复“主?谓”次序而意思不变的,就可以看作是主谓倒装.。

3. 主谓倒装句、宾语前置句、介宾后置句、定语后置等通俗的说是什么意

1.宾语前置所谓宾语前置,就是通常作宾语的成分,置于谓语动词的前面,以示强调.如:“洎不之信”中的“之”就是前置的宾语.宾语前置通常分为四种情况.(1)疑问句中,疑问代词作宾语,宾语前置.如:“大王来何操?”(2)否定句中,代词作宾语,宾语前置.如:“古之人不余欺也.”(3)借助“之”“是”将宾语提前.如:“句读之不知,惑之不解.”“孜孜焉唯进修是急,未之多见也.”(4)介宾短语中宾语前置.如:“不然,籍何以至此?”2.定语后置通常定语应该放置于中心词的前面,但文言语句中却有很多句子将定语放在中心词之后.如:“蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也.”其中的“利”“强”都是后置定语.文言中的定语后置有以下几种情况.(1)用“之”使定语后置.如:“四海之大,有几人欤?”(2)用“者”的后置.如:“马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石.”3.状语后置文言文中,介词结构作状语往往都会置于句后作补语.如:“贫者语于富者曰”“于富者”就是置于句后作补语的介词短语.4.主谓倒装这种情况很少,往往是为了表示强烈的感叹.如:“甚矣,汝之不惠.”“美哉,我少年中国.”[小练习]判断下列各句中的句式.①保民而王,莫之能御也.②王无异于百姓之以王为爱也.③德何如,则可以王矣?④何由知吾可也?⑤甚矣,乌纱之横,皂隶之俗哉!⑥欲祠韦苏州、白乐天诸公于其中⑦故凡为愚者,莫我若也.⑧凡人不能教子女者,亦非欲陷其罪恶.希望可以帮到楼主~①主谓倒装:“甚矣,汝之不惠”;“安在公子能急人之困?”其正常语序应该是“汝之不惠甚矣”;公子能急人之困安在?②宾语前置,这类型的倒装句也有几种形式:一是疑问句宾语前置,如“何以知之?”二是否定句中宾语前置,如“时人莫之许也”.三是其他前置,如:何功之有;唯利是图.这里的宾语前置有法可循:在疑问句或否定句中,代词作宾语可直接前置.否则就要借助“之”或“唯……是”这种形式.何以伐为?未之有也.③定语后置,如“蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强”.④状语后置,如“赵氏求救于齐”等.⑤介宾短语后置 冉有、季路见于孔子孙 树之以桑 申之以孝悌之义 青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝;冰,水为之,而寒于水.希望可以帮到楼主~。

4. (定语后置句宾语前置句状语后置句主谓倒装句)给个例子说明

一看特殊句式 (2002·上海春季)知者创物,能者述焉. 译文是:有智慧的人开创一门新的技艺,有才能的人对之加以传承(传述). 这句话考查的重点是对“知”和“焉”的理解,如果不了解“知”字的通假现象,就丢失了一个得分点.又如: (2004·青海)每月初得禄,裁留身粮,其余悉分赈亲族,家人绩纺以供朝夕. 译文:每月初得到俸禄,仅仅留下自身口粮,其余全都分开周济亲族,家人绩麻纺线来供给早晚饮食. (2004·江苏)每曲意事二人,绩不少降节. 译文:常常违心地奉承二人,徐绩并没有稍稍降低自己的品节. 青海卷中“裁”就是通假字,通“才”,理解为“只,仅仅”.江苏卷中的“少”通“稍”,理解为“稍微,稍稍”.如果对通假现象不了解,句子就很难翻译正确. 四看古今异义 古今异义的考查近几年在文言文客观题中时有考查,并且多以古今异义的复合词出现.2001年全国题考查了“反间、南面、鼓噪、扰乱”,2002年北京题考查了“穷困”,2003年北京题考查了“具有”等等,2004年则拓展到了主观翻译题中. (2004·天津)意气益厉,乘胜逐北 译文:精神更加振奋,趁着胜利追击败兵. 句中的“意气”一词,就不能按现代汉语中的“意气”来翻译,否则失当. 五看固定结构 固定结构也是一个重要的考查点.2002年高考语文全国卷就考了这样一个句子:。

本文来自作者[连柯一]投稿,不代表史超号立场,如若转载,请注明出处:https://feischool.com/sch/159.html

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  • 连柯一的头像
    连柯一 2025年09月20日

    我是史超号的签约作者“连柯一”

  • 连柯一
    连柯一 2025年09月20日

    本文概览:条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与...

  • 连柯一
    用户092007 2025年09月20日

    文章不错《我学不会虚拟语气怎么办?》内容很有帮助

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